The OSI model
OSI (open system interconnection). this model was created by the international organization for standardization (ISO )
the OSI model was meant to help vendors create interoperable network devices and software in the form of protocols so that different vendor networks could work with each other. Like world peace, it probably never happen completely.
Advantages of reference models
it divides the network's communication process into smaller and simpler components thus aiding components development design and troubleshooting.
it allows multiple vendor development through standardization of network components.
it encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of the model.
it allows various types of network hardware and software to communicate.
it prevents change in one layer from affecting other layers so it does not hamper development
OSI specifications are to assist in data transfer between disparate hosts meaning for example - that they enable us to transfer data between a UNIX host and a PC.
the OSI isn't a physical model. it a set of guidelines that application developers can use to create and implement applications that run on a network it also provides a framework for creating and implementing networking standards devices and internetworking schemes.
the OSI has seven different layers divided into two groups.
the top three layers define how the application within the end stations will communicate with each other and with users the bottom four layers define how data is transmitted end to end.
#Network management stations (NMSs)
# web and application servers
# gateways (not default gateways )
# network hosts
* The Upper Layers
# Presentation layes (layers 6)
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