Input / Output cards

 These are the additional cards which is used as a compulsory port or enhance functionality of a computer system. ex. ISA based card or PCI based cards.

Some types of I/O cards

* Video card

* Sound card

* T.V. tuner card

* LAN card 

* Modem card 

                                                                Video card

A video adapter is the expansion card you put into a computer in order to allow the computer to display information on some kind of monitor or LCD display. It is PCI or AGP based card.


                                                                Sound card

Just as there are device to converty computer signals into printouts and video information there are devices to convert those signals into sound these devices are known as sound cards. this card in PCI based card 

                                                            TV tuner card 

The TV tuner card is a class of internal and external devices that allows you to connect a broadcast signal such as home cable television to your computer and display it  is PCI based card.

                                                            Network interfaces card / LAN card 

A network interface card (NIC) is an expansion card that connects a computer to a network so that it can communicate with other computer on that network. it has a connector for the type of expansion but on the motherboard ( PCI , AND ISA)

                                                        Modem 

Any computer that connects to the internet using a dial up connection needs a modem or modulator /  demodulator a modem is a device tha tconvets digital signals form a comptuer on to analog signal that can be transmitted over phone lines and back again. it is based on PCIe ,  PCI , ISA bus slots.

                                                Display types 

It is a standard output unit device used to obtain a soft copy of any images generated by the sytem. In technical language it is also called VGA 

it show every movement/ received information from CPU 

* Most video display types

* Monitor

* LCDs /TFT

* LED 

                                                               Monitor 

there are several parts of monitor which is used for image formation 

Picture tube - it is the main part of CRT monitor & can be studied under there heading 

1. phosphorus layered screen .

the actual image appear on this screen the complete screen is coated with three layers of phosphorous RED , green , and blue 

2. shadow mask - it also known as aperture mask shadow mask helps the each electron beam to each their specific place

3. electron gun assembly -

there are three different electron guns ( red, green, blue,) in picture tube. each electron gun consist of a header cathode tube control grid & focus grid 



Image formation ...................................

cathode tube gets heated throgh header >>>>> control grid pass these rays from middle position >>>>>> focus grid brings all three beasms in a fixed point >>>>>>> fixed & pointed focus pass through shadow mask and then strike to their proper color on the phosphorous molecule of phosphorous screen.

                                                     LCD technology 

 LCD display consists primarily of two sheets of polarzid glass plates with a thin layer of liquid crystal soluction sandwiched between them the types of liquid crystals used in LCD panels have very specific properties that enable them .

    the current through the liquid crystals is controlled by a voltage applied between the glass plates via transparent electrodes that form a grid with rows on one side of the panel and columns on the other.

Adapter developed by IBM was known as the monochrome display adapter (MDA) it was used a resolution of 720x 350 pixels

CGA -  IBM was the first with color with the introduction of the color graphis adapter (CGA) CGA display 4 color in resolution of 320x200 pixels

EGA -  after a time people wanted more colors and higher resolution so IBM responded with the enchanced graphis adapter ( EGA ) EGA could display 16 colors and 640 x 350 pixel resolution 

Pixel 

resolution 

triad 

convergence

color combination 

horizontal scanning

vertical scanning 

raster

retrace


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